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Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Bashkortostan State autonomous institution of science of the Republic of Bashkortostan Bashkir encyclopedia

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BOLSHOY IREMEL

BOLSHOY IREMEL (Kaban, in transla­tion from the Bashkiri dialect, and Mongo­lian — stone saddle), the second highest mountain peak in the Bashkir (South) Urals, a natural monument (1965). It is located 16 km SE of Selo Nikolayevka of Beloretsky Raion. Abs. alt. — 1,582 m. Zherebchik spur lies to the...

BOLSHOY IK

BOLSHOY IK, a river, a right tributary of the Sakmara River. It originates 12 km SE of Selo Kananikolskoye of Zilairsky Raion. Length — 341 km, basin area — 7,670 km2. The relief of the basin is strongly dismembered by the erosion network (deep valleys and ravines with narrow watersheds). The eastern...

BOLSHAYA BASHKIRIYA

BOLSHAYA BASHKIRIYA (the larger Bashkiriya; Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic) is the Autonomous Bashkir Republic, formed after the Ufa Gub. territory became part of it. It was formed in 1922 by the Presidium of the Bashkir Central Executive Committee and the Bashkortostan Regional Committee...

BOLOTIN, Yuri Alexandrovich

BOLOTIN, Yuri Alexandrovich (11.9. 1930, Rabochy Posyolok Tirlyan of Belo­retsky Raion of the BASSR, now Selo Tirlyansky of the same raion of the RB, – 7.8.2002, Sibay), Mining Geological Engineer. Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences (1978). Laureate of the USSR State Award (1980). After...

BOARDING SCHOOLS

BOARDING SCHOOLS, educational institutions with permanent stay of their students, which are created to assist families in the upbringing of their children, to teach children how to live independently of their parents, as well as and to give social protection and develop their student’s creative abilities. In...

BLUMENTHAL, Yuliy Yuliyevich

BLUMENTHAL, Yuliy Yuliyevich (11.8. 1870, Kazan — 1944, Derevnya Kishelga of the Kazakh SSR), Artist, Public Figure. Between 1905—19 and 1922—35, he lived and worked in Ufa: since 1926 – Dir. of the M.V.Nesterov Art Museum and a part­ time teacher at the Bashk. Technical School of Arts. Between 1905—06...

BLOOD

BLOOD (Kan), a novel. Written in 1933–36 in two volumes. Author: D.Yulty. This sutobiographical work describes the inhuman essence of the First World War. The narration is conducted on behalf of Bulat, the main character of the novel who comes from a poor peasant family. The coming revolutionary events...

BLESSING

 BLESSING is a folklore genre connected with magic from a good word to correct a person’s or people’s life in a positive way. It is mostly uttered by elderly people. B. are dedicated to the crucial events in life (birth of a child, giving­ a­name moment, wedding, newly married couple visiting elders...

BLAGOVESHCHENSKY RAION

BLAGOVESHCHENSKY RAION, located in the central part of the RB. Established Aug. 20, 1930. Abolished February 1, 1963. The territory is incorporated into Ufimsky Raion. Newly established on January 13, 1965. Territory — 2,259 km2. Adm. centre — Blagoveshchensk, which is located 42 km N of Ufa and 18...

BLAGOVESHCHENSK VALVE PLANT

BLAGOVESHCHENSK VALVE PLANT, OAO. It is one of the key manufacturers of teel pipe fittings in the RB and RF. It produces valves (check rotary and spring safety valves, wedge valves, switching devices) using stainless steel, carbon and low alloy steels. Founded in 1756 as Blagoveshchensk Copper-­Smelting...

BLAGOVARSKY RAION

BLAGOVARSKY RAION, located in the central part of the RB. Established on January 31st, 1935. Abolished on Feb­ ruary 1st, 1963, the territory became part of Chishminsky Raion. Newly established on December 30th, 1966. Territory — 1,688.15 km2. Adm. centre — Selo Yazy­kovo, which is located 70 km W from...

BLAGOVARSKY  POULTRY  FARM

BLAGOVARSKY  POULTRY  FARM, ООО. The only industrial enterprise in the RF specializing in pedigree duck breeding. Located in Selo Yazykovo of Blagovarsky Raion. Founded in 1977 as Blagovarskaya Poultry Plant, since 1995 B. Poultry Breeding Farm, since 2000 an affiliated company of Bashkir Poultry Industry...

BLACK AMBLE

“BLACK AMBLE” (“Kara yurga”), “Black amble”, Bashkir ethnic song, kyska-kuy. The first information about the song is presented in I.I. Lepyekhin’s notes. The legend and instrumental variants of “B.a.” were first registered by S.G. Rybakov in 1894 from quaray players: Birgali, who lived in Temyasovo...

BIZHBULYAKSKY RAION

BIZHBULYAKSKY RAION, located in the W of the RB. Established on August 20, 1930. Abolished on February 1, 1963, the territory became part of Belebeyevsky Raion. Newly established on January 13, 1965. Territory — 2,134 km2. Adm. centre — Selo Bizhbulyak, which is located 230 km SW of Ufa and 40 km SE...

BIZHBULYAKSKY

BIZHBULYAKSKY, a zoological wildlife reserve of area 14.5 thous. ha in the territory of Bizhbulyaksky Raion. It was organized to restore the populations of woodchuck and other game animals (1989). The following plants, included in The Red List of the RB, grow here: Stipa pennata, Hedysarum grandiflorum,...

BITUMENS

BITUMENS, multicomponent mixtures of high­molecular hydrocarbons (oils), resins and asphaltenes of solid, semi­solid or liquid consistency; characterized by high ductility, thermal and frost resistance, ad­hesion. Ishimbay Deposit is the most de­veloped; balance reserves of B., the B. density (983 kg/m3)...

BISURA

BISURA (from ancient Turkic “bichin” – an ape) is a kikimora or a lower spirit. It is named B., bichura in Turkic, and kikimora in Slavic mythology. It appears in bylichkas, fairytales. The creature is insidious and cunning. It lives in thick woods and houses where people often quarrel. It can turn...

BISHBARMAK

BISHBARMAK, kullama, traditional dish of Bashkir cuisine. It is made of fresh fatty lamb or horse meat, sometimes with the use of kazy. Meat is boiled and cut into pieces. Salma (the traditional pasta) is boiled in the same broth after the surface fat is removed. Then the meat and the salma are distributed...

BIRSKY RAION

BIRSKY RAION, located in the central part of the RB. Established on August 20, 1930. Between 1963—65, B.r. included the territory of Mishkinsky Raion. Territory — 1,717 km2. Adm. centre — Birsk, which is located 98 km NW of Ufa and 50 km NW of Blagoveshchensk Railway Station. Po­ pulation — 16.3 thous....

BIRSKY

BIRSKY, a zoological wildlife reserve of area 20.6 thous. ha in the territory of Birsky Raion. It was organized to restore the populations of game animals (1967). Yellow iris, included in The Red List of the RB, grows in the territory B. The wildlife reserve is inhabited by true otter, European mink,...