Список материалов
ANIMATED FILMS
ANIMATED FILMS, a type of cinema art works which are created by phase-by-stage shooting of drawings and three-dimensional compositions. In Bashkortostan, the first animated film was shot in 1967 by A.M.Valeyev (The Adventures of Petya Petrushin, a puppet film). In the 1980s, animated films were made,...
ANIMISM
ANIMISM (from Latin anima – soul, spirit) is the belief in existence of souls and spirits, supernatural, supersensible images that appear as active objects and phenomena of the material world in religious thinking. Souls and spirits couldbeamorphous,phitomorphous,zoomorphous, anthropomorphous creatures,...
ANNUAL GRASSES
ANNUAL GRASSES, a group of agricultural plants with a life cycle of a single year. After ripening their seeds the plant dies. Cultivated for hay, green fodder or pasture. They give high yields of herbage, have a fairly high nutritional value. There are legumes (spring and winter vetch, annual clover,...
ANSERIFORMES
ANSERIFORMES, an order of birds. There are 2 known families and about 150 know species. There are 33 species of Anatidae family in the RB. Waterfowl, migratory birds of large (swans with body length up to 180 cm, and body mass up to 13.6 kg) and medium (common teal with body length up to 38 cm and body...
ANTHROPOLOGICAL TYPES
ANTHROPOLOGICAL TYPES, a system of inherited human features, characteristic of a certain group of people. A.t. are formed as a result of racogenesis and ethnogenesis. As a result of a research, there are 4 basic A.t. of Bashkirs: Sub-Ural, Pontian, Light Europeoid, South Siberian. The Sub-Ural type...
ANTITUBERCULOSIS HOSPITAL
ANTITUBERCULOSIS HOSPITAL, the leading republican centre for prevention and treatment of tuberculosis. Located in Ufa. It was founded in 1921. It consist of 8 branches located in Belortsk, Birsk, Ishimbay, Kumertau, Neftekamsk, Oktyabrsky, Salavat, Priyutovo and 3 subbranches in Ufa, an in-patient...
APHORISTICS
APHORISTICS E t h n i c, a set of folk judgements expressed in laconic form. A. basis for proverbs and idioms. A. also include the sayings of ancient writers, philosophers, publicists. Russian A. includes many apt quotations of A.S. Pushkin, A.S. Griboyedov, I.A. Krylov, A.P. Chekhov, Bashkir A. contains...
APITHERAPY
APITHERAPY, the treatment by means of beekeeping products. The medicinal drugs based on bee-keeping products contain amino acids, biologically active agents, vitamins, etc, which enhance immunity and metabolic processes, possess protective properties. There are several primary treatment options, such...
APODIFORMES
APODIFORMES, an order of birds. There are 11 families known with more than 69 species. In the RB there is 1 species (black swift) of Apodidae family. It is a migratory bird. Length of their bodies – 16–18 cm, body mass – 0–56 g, wing spread – 42–48 cm. Active during day. It feeds on insects. In Bashkortostan,...
APPLE
APPLE, a plant genus of the Rosaceae family. There are 25—30 species known. Forest A. grows in the RB. It grows in broad-leaved forests, on forest edges, forest glades, occasionally occurs in Bakalinsky, Dyurtyulinsky, Karaidelsky, Kugarchinsky and Ufimsky raions. Listed in The Red List of the RB. Domesticated...
AQUATIC ANIMALS
AQUATIC ANIMALS, the animals, who live their whole life or part of it (at the stage of larva) in water. Some of them are attached to the substrate (spounges, some Gastropoda and bivalve mollusc species), others are mobile, live in water depths (fishes, amphibians larvae and dragonflies) or at the bottom...
AQUATIC ANIMALS
AQUATIC ANIMALS, the animals, who live their whole life or part of it (at the stage of larva) in water. Some of them are attached to the substrate (spounges, some Gastropoda and bivalve mollusc species), others are mobile, live in water
depths (fishes, amphibians larvae and dragonflies) or at the...
ARALBAY (Aralbayev), Kadim Abdulgalimovich
ARALBAY (Aralbayev), Kadim Abdulgalimovich (b.1.9.1941 in Derevnya Tanatar, Khaybullinsky Raion, BASSR). People’s poet of the RB (2011), Merited Cultural Sector Professional of the BASSR (1991). Awarded with the Order of Salavat Yulayev (2021). Laureate of the RB State Award named after Salavat Yulayev...
ARASLANOV, Nurambik Giniyatovich
ARASLANOV, Nurambik Giniyatovich (15.7.1928, Derevnya Kinzyabyzovo 2nd of Sterlitamaksky Canton of the BASSR, now Derevnya Kinya-Abyz of Kuyurgazinsky Raion of the RB, – 30.6.2012, Ufa), Economist. Merited Acad. of the AS RB (2002), Dr. of Economics (1985), Full Professor (1987). Merited Master of...
ARCHAEOLOGICAL CULTURES
ARCHAEOLOGICAL CULTURES, based on cultural features common for archaeological sites (settlements, dwellings, ceramics, funerary artifacts, tools, etc) belonging to the same time and area while having differing local features. Several of such A.c., formed at the same time and area, constitute to a cultural...
ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES
ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES, material sources (man-made ancient objects, structures, and/or burials which have been preserved on the earth’s surface, underground or under water), which allow us to reconstruct the past of a human society. A.s. of Bashkortostan (more than 3 thous. have been located) represent...
ARCHITECTURAL STYLES
ARCHITECTURAL STYLES. From the 16th century, the architecture of Bashkortostan developed under the influence of Russian building tradition. One of the first widely used architectural style forms were Russian Baroque, which found special application in the first stone Orthodox churches and in industrial...
ARCHITECTURE
ARCHITECTURE. Original architectural culture on the territory of Bashkortostan is associated with the creation of the simplest shelters in the times of the Stone Age. Karst caves were used as natural shelters and temples-shrines (The Ignatiev shrine and Shulgan-Tash). Dwellings and shelters were built...
ARGUZHA
“ARGUZHA”, is a Bashkir ethnic song, uzun-kuy. The legend and poems were first written down in the 1920’s by S. Salimov and published in “Bashkort aymagy” (1929, № 7). It was recorded on phonograph in the 30’s and published in “Folklore of RSFSR peoples” (1979). The song is lyroepic. The story...
ARGYMAK
“ARGYMAK” a n e t h n i c b a n d. Established in 2009 in Ufa at the Institute of Arts (since 2015, at Bashkir Philharmonic). The works of A. are characterized by the synthesis of various schools and genres (folkrock, reggae, dubstep, trap, Nasheed, etc), ethnic melodic with modern means...
