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BIRDS
BIRDS (Aves), a class of vertebrates. There are 28 known orders with about 8600 species. There are 296 species of 18 orders (Ciconiiformes, Passeriformes, Anseriformes, Piciformes, Podicipediformes, Charadriiformes, etc) in the RB. Size and body mass of the B. vary. Migratory, nomadic, non-migratory...
BIRSK BURIAL GROUND
BIRSK BURIAL GROUND, an archaeological site of the Bakhmutinskaya culture (ref. Archaeological cultures). Dated to be from the 4–8th centuries. Located on the outskirts, south of the town of Birsk on the right bank of the Belaya River. Discovered in 1901 by A.A.Spitsyn, was studied in 1958–60,...
BIRSK MINERAL SPRINGS
BIRSK MINERAL SPRINGS, Solyoniy Klyuch, a natural monument (1965), located on the right bank of the Belaya River, 4 km S of Birsk; 5 springs are located 10—70 m from one another, total flow rate — 56—175 l/s. Medicinal water of medium mineralization (5.85 g/l) is sulfate chloride, calciumsodium;...
BIRSKY
BIRSKY, a zoological wildlife reserve of area 20.6 thous. ha in the territory of Birsky Raion. It was organized to restore the populations of game animals (1967). Yellow iris, included in The Red List of the RB, grows in the territory B. The wildlife reserve is inhabited by true otter, European mink,...
BIRSKY RAION
BIRSKY RAION, located in the central part of the RB. Established on August 20, 1930. Between 1963—65, B.r. included the territory of Mishkinsky Raion. Territory — 1,717 km2. Adm. centre — Birsk, which is located 98 km NW of Ufa and 50 km NW of Blagoveshchensk Railway Station. Po pulation — 16.3 thous....
BISHBARMAK
BISHBARMAK, kullama, traditional dish of Bashkir cuisine. It is made of fresh fatty lamb or horse meat, sometimes with the use of kazy. Meat is boiled and cut into pieces. Salma (the traditional pasta) is boiled in the same broth after the surface fat is removed. Then the meat and the salma are distributed...
BISURA
BISURA (from ancient Turkic “bichin” – an ape) is a kikimora or a lower spirit. It is named B., bichura in Turkic, and kikimora in Slavic mythology. It appears in bylichkas, fairytales. The creature is insidious and cunning. It lives in thick woods and houses where people often quarrel. It can turn...
BITUMENS
BITUMENS, multicomponent mixtures of highmolecular hydrocarbons (oils), resins and asphaltenes of solid, semisolid or liquid consistency; characterized by high ductility, thermal and frost resistance, adhesion. Ishimbay Deposit is the most developed; balance reserves of B., the B. density (983 kg/m3)...
BIZHBULYAKSKY
BIZHBULYAKSKY, a zoological wildlife reserve of area 14.5 thous. ha in the territory of Bizhbulyaksky Raion. It was organized to restore the populations of woodchuck and other game animals (1989). The following plants, included in The Red List of the RB, grow here: Stipa pennata, Hedysarum grandiflorum,...
BIZHBULYAKSKY RAION
BIZHBULYAKSKY RAION, located in the W of the RB. Established on August 20, 1930. Abolished on February 1, 1963, the territory became part of Belebeyevsky Raion. Newly established on January 13, 1965. Territory — 2,134 km2. Adm. centre — Selo Bizhbulyak, which is located 230 km SW of Ufa and 40 km SE...
BLACK AMBLE
“BLACK AMBLE” (“Kara yurga”), “Black amble”, Bashkir ethnic song, kyska-kuy. The first information about the song is presented in I.I. Lepyekhin’s notes. The legend and instrumental variants of “B.a.” were first registered by S.G. Rybakov in 1894 from quaray players: Birgali, who lived in Temyasovo...
BLAGOVARSKY POULTRY FARM
BLAGOVARSKY POULTRY FARM, ООО. The only industrial enterprise in the RF specializing in pedigree duck breeding. Located in Selo Yazykovo of Blagovarsky Raion. Founded in 1977 as Blagovarskaya Poultry Plant, since 1995 B. Poultry Breeding Farm, since 2000 an affiliated company of Bashkir Poultry Industry...
BLAGOVARSKY RAION
BLAGOVARSKY RAION, located in the central part of the RB. Established on January 31st, 1935. Abolished on Feb ruary 1st, 1963, the territory became part of Chishminsky Raion. Newly established on December 30th, 1966. Territory — 1,688.15 km2. Adm. centre — Selo Yazykovo, which is located 70 km W from...
BLAGOVESHCHENSK VALVE PLANT
BLAGOVESHCHENSK VALVE PLANT, OAO. It is one of the key manufacturers of teel pipe fittings in the RB and RF. It produces valves (check rotary and spring safety valves, wedge valves, switching devices) using stainless steel, carbon and low alloy steels. Founded in 1756 as Blagoveshchensk Copper-Smelting...
BLAGOVESHCHENSKY RAION
BLAGOVESHCHENSKY RAION, located in the central part of the RB. Established Aug. 20, 1930. Abolished February 1, 1963. The territory is incorporated into Ufimsky Raion. Newly established on January 13, 1965. Territory — 2,259 km2. Adm. centre — Blagoveshchensk, which is located 42 km N of Ufa and 18...
BLESSING
BLESSING is a folklore genre connected with magic from a good word to correct a person’s or people’s life in a positive way. It is mostly uttered by elderly people. B. are dedicated to the crucial events in life (birth of a child, giving aname moment, wedding, newly married couple visiting elders...
BLOOD
BLOOD (Kan), a novel. Written in 1933–36 in two volumes. Author: D.Yulty. This sutobiographical work describes the inhuman essence of the First World War. The narration is conducted on behalf of Bulat, the main character of the novel who comes from a poor peasant family. The coming revolutionary events...
BLUMENTHAL, Yuliy Yuliyevich
BLUMENTHAL, Yuliy Yuliyevich (11.8. 1870, Kazan — 1944, Derevnya Kishelga of the Kazakh SSR), Artist, Public Figure. Between 1905—19 and 1922—35, he lived and worked in Ufa: since 1926 – Dir. of the M.V.Nesterov Art Museum and a part time teacher at the Bashk. Technical School of Arts. Between 1905—06...
BOARDING SCHOOLS
BOARDING SCHOOLS, educational institutions with permanent stay of their students, which are created to assist families in the upbringing of their children, to teach children how to live independently of their parents, as well as and to give social protection and develop their student’s creative abilities.
In...
BOLOTIN, Yuri Alexandrovich
BOLOTIN, Yuri Alexandrovich (11.9. 1930, Rabochy Posyolok Tirlyan of Beloretsky Raion of the BASSR, now Selo Tirlyansky of the same raion of the RB, – 7.8.2002, Sibay), Mining Geological Engineer. Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences (1978). Laureate of the USSR State Award (1980). After...
