Список материалов

CALCINED SODA (soda ash). The production of C.s. by the Solve method (chemical interaction of carbon dioxide and ammonia with a saturated water solution of chloride and the subsequent burning of the resultant sodium bicarbonate) was mastered in Bashkortostan at the Sterlitamak Soda Plant in 1951. C.s....

CANCER HOSPITAL, the leading republican clinical specialized Tumor Treatment Centre in Bashkortostan. Founded in 1945 in Ufa. It consists of 2 polyclinics, the inpatient clinic with thoracic, proctological, gastroenterological, mammological, urological, gynecological, urological, gynecological departments,...

CANTON, 1) military unit in the canton administration system in Russia. Established by the Decree of April 10th 1798. They were established based on territorial subdivision; divided into Yurts (Bashkir and Mishar C.) and Regiments (Cossack); often the territory of one volost was divided between several...

CANTON SYSTEM, a form of military administration in Bashkortostan between 1798—1865. Main purposes: prevention of the Bashkir uprisings (ref. Bashkir Uprisings in the 17—18th centuries), colonization of the region, and creation of the bridgehead for attack of the Middle Asia. In 1789, Ufa and Simbirsk...

CARAVAN TRADE ROUTES, a system of trade routes, connecting the countries of the East and the West in Antiquity, and the Middle Ages. Information on routes from Central Asia and the Caucasus to the Urals is contained in the writings of ancient authors (Herodotus, Ptolemy) and 9—10th centuries Arab‑Persian...

CARDIONEUROLOGICAL CENTRE, OOO, a multidisciplinary medical centre, which is part of Promeditsina Holding. Founded in Ufa in 2007. Provides paid outpatient (incl. home‑based), primary medical and specialized medical care to adults and children. Also provides laboratory (allergic, genetic, histological...

CARNIVORES (Carnivora), an order of mammals. There are 7 known families with 240 species. There are 16 species of 5 families (Procyonidae, Felidae, Mustelidae, Ursidae, Canidae) in the RB. The length of their bodies varies from 11 (weasel) to 250 cm (brown bear), and their mass varies from 100 g to...

CARPINI, Giovanni del Plano (ca. 1180 or, according to other data, ca. 1185 — 1252), Italian Traveler, Monk. In 1245, he headed the first European mission to the Mongolian Empire (the route crossed the territory of the Volga region, the Urals and Central Asia). Author of the literary works called The...

CATALYTIC CRACKING, the process of destructive processing of crude oil engaging catalysts. It is designed for extraction of gasoline from high‑boiling oil fractions. It is a part of the process flowsheets of all Oil Refineries. First introduced at Ufimsky Oil Refinery in 1952. Three plants were launched...

CATTLE BREEDING, a branch of livestock breeding. In the Republic, the total headcount of cattle in businesses of all categories amounted to 1,110.8, incl. cows — 465.5 thous.: agricultural entities – 405.9 and 153.8, homesteads – 594 and 261.8, peasant (farmer) farms — 110.9 and 49.9, correspondingly...

CAVES, the forms of relief, representing hollow cavities in the upper layers of the earth’s crust, connected with the surface by means of entrance holes. By formation they are divided into natural and artificial caves, by the time of formation they are divided into speleocycles: small — 1.5—2 million...

CENTRAL SPIRITUAL ADMINISTRATION OF MUSLIMS OF RUSSIA, a religious organization, uniting both religious groups and regional organizations. Located in Ufa. The main activities include the implementation of the (human) rights to freedom of confession of Islam; the spread of Muslim dogma; the development...

CENTRE FOR TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF AIDS AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES, the republican outpatient type institution. It was opened in 1989 in Ufa. The Centre provides specialized diagnostical, consultative, medical and preventive care, as well as support on legal, social and rehabilitation issues of HIV‑infected...

CHAK-CHAK, traditional dish of Bashkir cuisine. It is made from non‑stiff dough, mixed with eggs. Pieces of sliced dough are fried in a large amount of melted butter or visceral fat, mixed with honey or sugar syrup and laid out in a heap. Festive Ch.ch. is sometimes decorated with berry pastille. It...

CHALIAPIN, Fyodor Ivanovich (1.2.1873, Kazan — 12.4.1938, Paris, in 1984 reburied in Moscow at the Novo‑Devichye cemetery), singer (high bass). People's Artist of the Republic (1918). Between 1890 — 91, he toured in Ufa. On December 18, 1890, he debuted in the hall of the Nobility Assembly building...

CHALIAPIN'S EVENINGS IN UFA, the International Festival of Opera Art. Held since 1991 at the Opera and Ballet Theatre, since 2003 – the international festival. The initiator of the festival is the Chairman of the Ufa Interregional Center G.A.Belskaya. Duration — 3—12 days. Among the participants are...

CHAMBER MUSIC, a form of music art, intended for the performance by a small band. C.m. has always been there in the music culture of Bashkortostan. In the 20—30s of the 20th century, the European composition techniques based on functional genres (waltz, march, folk tune, polka) were mastered: music...

CHAPAYEV, Vasily Ivanovich (28.1.1887, Derevnya Budayki of Kazan Gub. — 5.9.1919, near Lbishchensk of Ural Obl.), Member of the Revolutionary Movement. Awarded with the St. George’s Crosses, 1st, 2nd (both – 1916), 3rd and 4th (1915) Classes and the Order of the Red Flag (1919). Participant of the First...

CHAPEL CHOIR OF THE RB, state-owned academic. Established in 1969 at the Bashkir Philharmonia, since 1996 — became academic C.c. The founder, the 1st artistic managing director and the chief conductor was T.S.Saifullin. The first concert took place on April 12, 1970. C.c. cooperates with the National...

CHARADRIIFORMES, an order of birds. There are 11 known families with more than 300 species. There are 49 species of Burhinidae, Scolopacidae, Charadriidae, Glareolidae, Laridae, Recurvirostridae families in the RB. Migratory birds of small (small plover with body length of 15 cm and body mass range...