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TOTEMISM
TOTEMISM is a traditional belief based on the idea that there is a supernatural kinship between a human and his so-called totem: an animal, a plant, less often a natural phenomenon or an inanimate object. The members of a clan or a clan unit, as a rule, were prohibited to hunt the totemic birds or animals,...
TOTEMISM
TOTEMISM, traditional beliefs based on the ideas of supernatural kinship between man and the socalled totem – animal, plant, not so often natural phenomenon or inanimate object. The members of the totem group, as a rule, bearing the name of their totem, were forbidden to hunt, to eat the meat of the...
TOURIST ORGANIZATIONS
TOURIST ORGANIZATIONS, institutions providing preparation and conducting of tourist trips. In 1929, the first tourist organization was created in Bashkortostan called the Bashkir Society for Proletarian Tourism. In 1932 Bashkir Central Tourist Station of Children’s Excursions was established (ref. The...
TOURIST ROUTES
TOURIST ROUTES, pre-planned routes which include visits to historical places, cultural sites, nature monuments, etc for cultural, educational, health, sports and other purposes. In Bashkortostan, the first tourist route appeared in late 1920s in connection with the organization of independent hiking...
TOWARDS THE LIGHT!
TOWARDS THE LIGHT! (Yaktyga), a trilogy. Written between 1958–70 by Z.A.Biisheva. The novels The Humiliated (1958), The Awakening (1966) and Towards the Light! (1970) made up a trilogy that established a new genre form and became an artistic chronicle of the life of the people of Bashkortostan. The...
TRACTOR AND AGRICULTURAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
TRACTOR AND AGRICULTURAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, a branch of mechanical engineering, associated with the production of tractors, combine harvesters and other agricultural machinery and equipment. The largest industry enterprises: ODK–Ufa Motor-Building Production Association, INMAN, NEFAZ, Bashkir Tractor...
TRADE
TRADE, the form of commodity circulation, performed through purchase and sale; a branch of economy. In all the cities of the RB, there are trade networks specializing in the sale of food: Magnit, Bayram, Polushka, Bashspirt, Krasnoye & Beloye, Monetka, Pyatyorochka; in Ufa there is also Perekryostok,...
TRADE AND SERVICE COMPLEXES
TRADE AND SERVICE COMPLEXES, a group of trade enterprises managed as a whole and located in the same building. T.a.S.C. sell industrial and food products, provide public catering services and household services, etc. The largest shopping complexes in Ufa: Lifestyle Center Bashkiriya, Central, Family,...
TRADITIONAL ADORNMENTS
TRADITIONAL ADORNMENTS, costume details, which are a supplement to festive, ceremonial and casual clothes. They also performed the role of talismans and charms for Bashkirs, pointed to the ancestral affiliation (ref. Bashkir tribal organization), social and property status of the family. Women’s T.a....
TRADITIONAL INTERIOR DESIGN
TRADITIONAL INTERIOR DESIGN, historically evolved techniques of architectural, functional, and artistic arrangement of a dwelling space, reflecting the ethnic and regional peculiarities of an architectural style. The Bashkir T.i.d. was largely affected by the nomadic culture of Turkic peoples, as well...
TRADITIONAL TOYS
TRADITIONAL TOYS, various items and devices for entertainment and children’s development, reflecting the peculiarities of national culture, lifestyle and everyday life. For the manufacture of T.t. Bashkirs widely used natural materials. The materials used for making dolls were wood: a twisted twig served...
TRAILERS
TRAILERS, unpowered vehicles for transportation of people or cargoes designed to be hauled by a truck. Semi-trailers — a trailer hauled by a tractor. The Batyr Trailer Plant (Tuimazy, RB) manufactures trailers of “Batyr 7125” model (up to 750 kg, without a break system) for cars equipped with a tow...
TRANSLATIONS OF FOLKLORE TEXTS
TRANSLATIONS OF FOLKLORE TEXTS. The history of folklore identifies Bashkir epic monuments translated into the Russian language: “Kuz-Kurpyach” translated by T.S. Belyayev (1812), “Bashkir mermaid” (“Zayatulyak and Khyukhyku”) in the authors interpretation by V.V. Dal (1843); “Bashkir ethnic fairytales”...
TRANSPORT
TRANSPORT, a complex of vehicles; a branch of economy, performing the carriage of people and goods. T. consist of land (railway transport, road transport, pipeline transport), water (river transport, sea transport), and air transport; by purpose – public T. (servicing the sphere of circulation and population)...
TRANSPORT CONSTRUCTION
TRANSPORT CONSTRUCTION, a construction industry, performing the erection and reconstruction of the facilities of road, air, railway, river, and pipeline transport; includes the construction of earth roadbed for roads and railways, track superstructure, railway electrification, automation and telemechanical...
TRANSPORTATION HUBS
TRANSPORTATION HUBS, complexes of transportation means connecting the logistic lines of various means of transport with the purpose of providing service of transit, local and mountain transportation of goods and passengers. They are formed in the main cities, maximum close to the industry, construction...
TRAVY BASHKIRII
TRAVY BASHKIRII, a large commercial and manufacturing enterprise, which specializes in release of more than 500 types of eco-friendly health-improving phyto-products made of herbs, fruits and berries that were grown at the corporate agrostations on the territory larger than 160 ha. It was founded in...
TRINITY
TRINITY is one of the main Christian holidays honoring God in His three images – Father, Son and the Holy Spirit. The day was to memorize the descent of the Holy Spirit to the apostles, it is held on the 50th day after Easter. It is celebrated either for 1 day (On Sunday) or for 3 days (from Sunday...
TROFIMUK, Andrey Alekseyevich
TROFIMUK, Andrey Alekseyevich (3.8.1911, Derevnya Hvetkovich of Grodno Gub. — 25.3.1999, Novosibirsk), Petroleum Geologist. Acad. of the AS USSR (1958), Merited Acad. of the AS RB (1991), Dr. Sci. in Geology and Mineralogy (1949), Full Professor (1960). Hero of Socialist Labour (1944). Merited Master...
TROVES
TROVES, archaeological sites, which represent collections of sets of tools of labor, weapons, various household items, jewelry made of bronze, iron, silver, and gold. In Bashkortostan there were discovered over 20 such T. The earliest belong to the Bronze Age. The most famous T. is the Avryuztamak T....
