Список материалов
COMMUNICATIONS
COMMUNICATIONS, a branch of economy; transfer and reception of information by means of various technical equipment. There is postal C. and electrical C. Postal C. provides the reception and transfer of postal communications (written correspondence, periodicals, money orders, post packages, parcels)...
COMPREHENSIVE SCHOOLS
COMPREHENSIVE SCHOOLS, educational institutions, which provide general education. In 1941, there were: 4772 C.s., in 1950 — 5191, in 1960 — 4857, in 1971 — 4305, in 1995 — 3372, in 2000 — 3299, in 2019 — 1319. There are part‑time schools for the working youth and remedial schools — for children with...
CONCRETE MIXER TRUCKS
CONCRETE MIXER TRUCKS. C.m.t. are designated for production and transportation of cement mortars. They feature a reversible gravity concrete mixers with a pear-shaped mixing drum mounted on the Tuymazy Ready Mix Truck Plant makes more than 10 modifications of cement mixers with drums with a mortar...
CONGRESS HALL TORATAU
CONGRESS HALL TORATAU, an architectural complex located in Ufa. Built according to the project of R.U.Mullagildin (RAUM Architects Ltd.) and Kyokazu Arai (Arai Architects) in 2007 in preparation for the 450th anniversary accession of Bash- kortostan to Russia. It is a four‑level building of complex...
CONGRESS OF THE TATARS
“CONGRESS OF THE TATARS” i n B a s h k o r t o s t a n, an NGO established in Ufa in 1997. The C. Organizes the regional contest of folk bands “Let’s sing!”, regional music contest “Two Swans” dedicated to F.Y. Kudasheva and B.M. Gaysin, etc. Cooperates with the Tatar ethnic Cultural Autonomy, the Tatar...
CONSTITUTION OF THE RB
CONSTITUTION OF THE RB, the basic law, which defines the public and state system, the order and principles of organization of state authorities, and the rights and duties of citizens. The decisions of AllBashkir Constituent Kurultay (December 8—20th, 1917) were of a constitutional significance. The...
CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF THE RB
CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF THE RB, a republican body of judicial authority, independently administering justice through constitutional proceedings. Created on March 27th, 1996. It is composed of the Chairman, Deputy Chairman and three judges. The C.C. solves only issues of law; in the implementation of...
CONSTRUCTION
CONSTRUCTION, economic branch. It includes erection, reconstruction and overhaul repair of buildings and engineering structures of various purposes, installation of engineering equipment, design, survey, drilling, etc works, associated with the erection of certain facilities. Depending on the purpose...
CONSTRUCTION AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF THE RB INSTITUTE
CONSTRUCTION AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF THE RB INSTITUTE, a research, design, engineering and production BashNIIstroy, GUP. Located in Ufa. Established in 1956. Main activities: research in the sphere of foundation engineering, building structures and materials; creation of building and structure construction...
CONSUMER GOODS INDUSTRY
CONSUMER GOODS INDUSTRY, the total of industries, associated with the production of mainly articles of mass consumption. Apart from ready‑to‑use products, the consumer goods industry produces semifinished products, intermediate products and materials for other enterprises. The RB is represented by textile,...
CONVENTIONAL LAW
CONVENTIONAL LAW, a set of rules of conduct (customs), formed in a society as a result of their repeated application. The Bashkir applied the Law along with the Sharia until the beginning of the 20th century. The rules of the C.l. regulated all aspects of life of the Bashkir community, relations with...
CONVOCATION OF RUSSIANS IN BASHKORTOSTAN
“CONVOCATION OF RUSSIANS IN BASHKORTOSTAN”, a NGO established in Ufa in 1998. The organization publishes collections of research articles, holds research topractice conferences dedicated to S.T. Ak sakov, M.V. Nesterov, F.I. Shalyapin, etc. Since 1992, a department of InterRegional Shalyapin Center...
CORACIIFORMES
CORACIIFORMES, an order of birds. There are more than 10 families knows, with about 200 species. In the RB there are
3 species from 3 families (Coraciidae, Alcedinidae, and Meropidae). They are migratory birds of small (halcyon with body length up to 19 cm, body mass up to 25–45 g) and average (roller...
CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS
CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS, carry out punishment in the form of imprisonment. This term is used in the Russian Federation terminology on the criminal enforcement system.
In Bashkortostan, arrest and prison izbas (huts), dvors (courtyards) and ostrogs (jails) are known since the 2nd half of the 16th...
CORVEES
CORVEES (forced labour), are compulsory duties performed by the population at the behest of the state or a landowner. Since ancient times, the main corvee of the Bashkirs was military service (ref. Military Service of the Bashkirs). The increase in the number of C. was one of the reasons for the Bashkir...
COUNTING-OUT RHYME
COUNTING-OUT RHYME is a folklore genre, rhythmized and rhymed short poem which aims to distribute roles in games. In ancient times C.r. were used to distribute work among the members of a commune in conditions of allegorical speech (E.g., at hunting), etc. There are C.r. with plot, C.r. informs...
CRAFTS
CRAFTS, traditional occupations based on manual production. The types and characteristic features of the Bashkir C. were caused by natural and climatic peculiarities of Bashkortostan, traditional forms of economy (wild‑honey farming, agriculture, cattle breeding, etc), everyday life, historical cultural...
CRUSTACEA
CRUSTACEA, a subtype of antropods type. There are 6 classes (Branchiopoda, Cephalocarida, Maxillopoda, Ostracoda, Malacostraca, and Remipedia), and more than 17 orders with over 40,000 species throughout the globe. There are 155 species of 4 classes in the RB. Their body, which is a few mm to 80 cm...
CUCKOO’S TEA
CUCKOO’S TEA is a Bashkir and Tatar ritual celebration dedicated to spring primroses, awakening of the nature and cult of the cuckoo. It took part during the springsummer period (late April – midJuly), when a cuckoo started to make its sound. Women and girls gathered together and brought foods with...
CUCULIFORMES
CUCULIFORMES, an order of birds. There are 2 known families with about 150 species, mostly non‑migratory birds. There are 2 species of Cuculidae families in the RB, mostly migratory birds. The oriental cuckoo’s body length range is 30–32 cm, body mass range is 70–150 g, the common cuckoo’s body length...
