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FORESTS, a type of vegetation, represented by numerous plant life forms, among which the primary role belongs to trees. In 2011, the gross timber area was 6.3 million ha, including 5.2 million ha covered by F. The total ratio of the territory covered with F. is 39.9%. In the mountain‑forest zone of...

FORESTS MANAGEMENT, a branch of national economy, which performs the study, accounting, reproduction and protection of forests, forest exploitation regulation, etc. The history of F.m. is closely related to the development of agriculture. The intensive forest exploitation on Bashkortostan territory...

“FOUR HUNDRED BASHKIR FOLK SONGS” (“400 Bashkort khalyk yyry”), a collection of folk songs and instrumental melodies in the Bashkir language (Ufa, 2011). Compiled by F.Kh. Kamayev, N.D. Shunkarov. The major part of the collection consists of the recordings from the music collections of the Institute...

FRANCHISING, the form of long-term business cooperation, when a company with a name well-known in the market (franchisor) resells the rights to its brand together with the technology of production or sale of goods or services to independent enterprises (franchisees). One of the successful examples of...

FRUIT GROWING, the cultivation of fruit crops and berry crops in order to produce fruits and berries; a branch of plant growing. Fields of F.g.: basic F.g. (breeding of cherries, pears, plums, apples and other pome and stone fruit crops), nursery (cultivation of planting material of fruit and berry...

FUEL INDUSTRY, the total of industries, associated with the production and refining of various types of fuel; includes oil production industry, oil refining industry, gas industry, coal, peat and shale industries. The largest industry enterprises: ANK Bashneft, Bashneft-Dobycha, Gazprom Neftekhim Salavat,...

FUNDS, 1) the financial or material assets, allocated for specific purposes; 2) the non-commercial organizations without membership. In order to assess the potential of economic reproduction on a macro economy level there are accumulation F. (inconsumable part of national income, used to increase the...

FUNGI, a kingdom of living organisms. There are more than 100 thous. species known, out of which over 10 thous. inhabit the RB. Some F. in symbiosis with seaweeds form lichens. There are more than 150 species known in the Republic, about 50 are edible F. (white mushroom, red pine mushroom, butter mushroom,...

FUR FARMING, breeding of valuable fur animals for peltries (fur skins); a branch of livestock breeding. F.f. produce is used for manufacture of furs. The main fur animals bred in Bashkortostan are mink, Arctic fox, silver fox, nutria, ferret, etc. In the 1950s, Uchalinsky Fur Farm bred silver fox, blue...

FYODOROV, Viktor Stepanovich (29.5.1912, Selo Armavir of Kuban Obl. – 1.2.1990, Moscow), Statesman. Candidate of Engineering Sciences (1938). Hero of Socialist Labour (1944). Laureate of the USSR State Awards (1942, 1948, 1952). Awarded with the Order of Lenin (1942, 1944, 1948, 1952, ?), Order of the...

FYODOROVSKIY, a zoological wildlife reserve of area 1.7 thous. ha in the territory of Fyodorovsky Raion. It was organized to restore the populations of game animals and rare animal species (1989). The relief is plains and gently rolling country. Mixed broadleaf forests are widely spread, aspen forests...

FYODOROVSKY RAION, located in the SW part of the RB. Established on January 31, 1935 due to the disamalgamation of Meleuzovsky and Sterlibashevsky raions of the BASSR. Abolished on February 1, 1963, when it became part of Sterlitamaksky and Meleuzovsky raions. Newly established on January 29, 1965....