Список материалов

LABOUR RESOURCES, population of working age (except disabled persons and persons receiving pension on preferential terms), working citizens of retirement age and adolescents, foreign labor migrants. In Bashkortostan, as well as in the RF generally, there are aging L.r. (an increase in the share of the...

LACH Robert (29.1.1874–11.9.1958), musicologist, composer. His research papers are devoted to comparative musicology, music history, ethnomusicology, and psychology. Author of “Vergleichende Musikwissenschaft” (1924), “Studien zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der ornamentalen Melopöie” (1913), etc. During...

LAGEREVSKOYE, swamp, a natural monument (2005). Located in the basin of the Ai River near Selo Lagerevo of Salavatsky Raion. Total area — 1.6 thous. ha. The following plants, included in The Red List of the RB, grow here: Salix pyrolifolia, swamp ledum, Gymnadenia odoratissima, Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinum,...

LAKES, natural reservoirs with slow water exchange and coastal zone profile, developed under the impact of wind waves and current. Morphometric characteristics: surface area, volume, depth, length, width, indentation of shoreline, configuration of lake basin, etc. Bashkir Pre‑Urals are represented mostly...

LAKLINSKAYA CAVE, Tash‑kuesh, a natural monument (1965). Located on the right slope of the valley of the Lakly River (tributary of the Ai River), 1.6 km SW of Selo Lakly of Salavatsky Raion. Karst cave, it is a system of horizontal halls and galleries. Length 252 m, aver. width 19.5 m, height 5.0 m,...

LAMENT is a genre of family-household ritual  folklore,  performed  when  a  person  is leaving the native house. It exists in folklore of many peoples. Its origin and functions are close to the genre of lamentation. There are wedding, funeral-commemoration L. connected with the ancient beliefs of peoples....

LAMENTATION is a genre of family-household ritual  folklore  performed  usually  when a person is departing this life and at his funeral. It is also performed during a rite of passage (seeing off a bride, a soldier, etc.; see Laments). Its origin is connected with the magic of laments, ritual collective...

LAND POLICY, State’s activities in the field of land relations. State regulation of relations Bashkirs with regard to their land dates back to the 13th century. The Golden Horde rulers issued yarlyks to the Bashkirs, in which they guaranteed the preservation of the Bashkir tribes’ and clans’ patrimonial...

LAND SURVEY, a complex of government events in Russia in the 2nd half of the 18th–early 20th centuries, aimed at the lands fund description and mapping, and the establishment and legal registration of land holding borders (ref. Land Policy). The General L.s. in the Orenburg Gub. was executed in 2 stages:...

LASER TECHNOLOGIES, a method of treatment, manufacture and change of the material or semi‑product state, properties and shape with solid‑state gas lasers (with power from 1 to several thousand watts). In the Republic, this technology has been applied sinсe late 1980s in various sectors of Industry,...

LATVIAN HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL CENTER, public organization, branch of the House of Peoples’ Friendship. It was created  in  2006  in  the  village Maxim Gorky in Arkhangelsky district of the RB in order to safeguard and develop the native language and literature, folklore, customs and traditions of...

LATYPOV, Ural Ramdrakovich (b.28.2. 1951 in Derevnya Katayevo of Bakalinsky Raion of the BASSR), Statesman. Dr. of Laws (1993), Full Professor (1994). Colonel (1991). Awarded with the Order of Peoples’ Friendship (Republic of Belarus, 2005). Graduated from the Kazan University (1973) and Higher Courses...

“LAYSAN”, folk dance ensemble at Uchaly Mining and Processing Plant. It was created in 1964 at the culture house of the state farm “Bayramgulovskiy”; it has had its current status since 2005. In 1972, it earned the title “People’s”; in 2013, it became an honored folk­art team of the Russian Federation....

LAZAREVA, Dina Naumovna   (11.9.1922, Posyolok Miasskiy Zavod of Chelyabinsk Gub. — 11.9.2019, Ufa), Pharmacologist. Merited Academician of the AS RB (1995), Doctor Sci (Medical Sciences) (1962), Full Professor (1963). Merited Master of Sciences of the RF (1993) and BASSR (1976), Excellent Worker of...

LEBEDEVA, Tatyana Romanovna (b.21.7.1976, Sterlitamak), Athlete. Merited Master of Sports (athletics) of Russia (2000). Awarded with the Order of Honour (2006), Order of Friendship (2001), the 2nd Class Medal of Order for Merits to the Fatherland (2009). A trainee of the Specialist Children and Youth...

LEBEDINSKIY Lev Nikolayevich (5.11. 1904–21.11.1992), musicologist, folklorist. His research papers are devoted to the musical folklore of the peoples of the USSR, the works of domestic composers, theoretical problems of musical performance, etc. He made a significant contribution to the collection...

LEECHES (Hirudinea), a class of annelids. There are 3 orders knows with about 400 species, spread in seas and freshwaters all over the globe. In the RB there are 14 species of hemipterus and gnathobdellid L. orders. They have a flat, rarely cylindrical body, with length range of 0.2–15.0 cm, with two...

LEGEND is a short oral fantastic folklore story that claims to be true. The motifs and images of L. often originate from myths in Bashkortostan peoples’ folklore (see Myths). There are types of L.: 1) cosmogonic – about the creation of the world and space bodies [Bashk.: “Two ducks that created the...

LEGISLATIVE AUTHORITY, an independent branch of state power, endowed with powers to enact laws, as well as the system of state bodies exercising these powers. In Bashkortostan, the functions of L.a. were performed by: Ufa Gub. Council of Workers, Peasant and Red Army Deputies (1917—22), All Bashkir...

LEMON TREE NURSERY, a training and experimental establishment of Ufimsky Forestry Technical College. It specializes in creation of lemon varieties and hybrids, growing and selling of exotic plant sprouts, flower seedlings and other crops. Established in 1990 as part of Belsky Forestry Enterprise, since...