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Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Bashkortostan State autonomous institution of science of the Republic of Bashkortostan Bashkir encyclopedia

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КОЖЗАВОДА деревня

КОЖЗАВОДА деревня (Күнзавод ауылы), относится к Темясовскому с/с Баймакского района. Расположена на р. Сакмара, в 57 км к северо-западу от райцентра и в 115 км к северо-западу от ж.‑д. станции Сибай. Основана в середине 19 в. на территории Орского уезда. В 1866 в д. Аминево Бурзянской волости зафиксирован...

УЗЯНБАШ

УЗЯНБАШ (Үҙәнбаш), село в Белорецком районе, относится к Шигаевскому сельсовету. Расположено на р. Узян (Северный Узян), в 50 км к юго-западу от райцентра и в 45 км к юго-западу от ж.‑д. ст. Белорецк. Основано в 1916 башкирами д. Казмашево Тамьян-Тангаурской волости Верхнеуральского уезда (ныне Абзелиловского...

To the reader

The illustrated “Republic of Bashkortostan” encyclopedia in both Russian and English is a universal regional encyclopedia which presents a body of knowledge about Bashkortostan, its history, as well as its place and role in Russia and the world. The main attention in the publication is paid to the modern...

• Learning Bashkortostan folklore history

Folklore studies include three approaches: 1) to collect and systematize the works of ethnic art, 2) to process it scientifically and give back to its creator by publishing it, 3)scientific research on oral, song, musical (instrumental), choreographic, drama and other kinds of collective art works. The...

• Introduction

Folklore is a part of the spiritual heritage of humanity and a powerful means of cultural independency and integrity of different peoples. It is also a base to create and develop independent art, professional art and literature, formulate ethnic self-awareness. According to the definition of governmental...

To the reader

The territory of the Bashkortostan republic is the place where besides the native people - Bashkirs, more than 100 peoples of different nationalities live. They settled here in different times, but managed to preserve the folklore of their ancestors and add new local features to it. The most significant...

DAVLETSHIN Farrakh Davletshinovich

DAVLETSHIN Farrakh Davletshinovich [31.1. (according to other data, 12.2.) 1887, Derevnya Urtayevo of Birsky Uyezd of Ufa Gub., now Derevnya Starourtayevo of Dyurtyulinsky Raion of the RB, – 12.1.1956, Derevnya Novobaishevo of Birsky Raion of the BASSR]. People’s sesen of the BASSR (1944). Awarded with...

YARYMTYK

YARYMTYK (from Bashkir yarym – “a half”) is a demon in Bashkir mythology. Bylichkis about Y. mainly exist in the Northern and North-Western Bashkir art. According to some beliefs, it appears to people and has one eye and one leg. According to legends and beliefs, Y. likes to ride a horse. People should...

YAMANTAU

“YAMANTAU” (“Ominous mountain”, “The evil mountain”),    Bashkir      ethnic      song, uzun-kuy. It was registered by N.D. Shunkarov from Mugalim Mirkhaydarov in 1960 in Askarovo village, Abzelilovskiy District BASSR and published in the “Bashkir ethnic art. Songs.” collection (1st book, 1974). The...

YAMALETDINOV Mavletbay Baygildeevich

YAMALETDINOV Mavletbay Baygildeevich (b. 5.3.1947), writer, translator, kuraist. Folk sesen (2018). Ya’s repertoire includes the classical pieces uzun-kui, kubairs. Author of the novel “The Circle” (2006), devoted to Kubagush-sesen. Based on Old -Turkic written sources, Ya. created a dastan (epic) “Kul-Tegin”;...

YALSYGUL

“YALSYGUL”, Bashkir ethnic song, kyska-kuy. The song was registered by L.N. Lebedinskiy from I.S. Dilmukhametov in 1939 and published in the “Bashkort khalk yirdary” collection by G.Z. Suleymanov. It is an optimistic song of a worker called Yalsygul. “Y.” melody is based on a major pentatonic and resembles...

YAIK

YAIK is a character of the “Ural-batyr” epic, the eldest son of Ural-batyr, born by Katil’s daughter. His mother sends him to Ural-batyr and gives him 4 batyrs revived by living water to be his company. Y., his brothers and their father defeat Kakhkakha, Shulgan and their adherents. He carves the mouth...

YUKHA

YUKHA, is an evil demon in Bashkir mythology. It appears in bylichkas, fairytales, such as “Yukha”, “Yulbat”, prose version of “Ural-batyr version etc.According to belief, a 500-1000-year-old azhdakha turns into Y. (azhdakha usually does not reach the age of Y. as it could take him to Kaf-tau mountain)....

YURTOV Avksentiy Filippovich

YURTOV Avksentiy Filippovich (8.2.1854– 20.4.1916), educator, teacher, folklorist, ethnographer. Yu. collected and studied folklore and ethnographic materials in the Mordovian villages of the Ufa, Simbirsk, and Samara guberniya provinces, which were published in the 2 issues of “Samples of Mordovian...

UNESCO

UNESCO, an intergovernmental organization. Founded in 1945. The headquarters is located in Paris. It incorporates 193 member-states (2019), including the Russian Federation (1954). Main areas of activity: research in the field of education, science, culture and communications; knowledge exchange; preparation...

YULUEV Batyrgarey Gabdulmukhametovich

YULUEV Batyrgarey Gabdulmukhametovich (18.8.1861–1915), ethnographer, local historian. He was a researcher of folklore, ethnography of Bashkirs; collector of legends, fables, etc. In the work “On Ethnography of Bashkirs” (1892), he described the wedding rites of the South-Eastern Bashkirs....

YULDYBAYEVA Gulnar Vildanovna

YULDYBAYEVA Gulnar Vildanovna (b.28.12. 1976, Saitbaba village, Gafuriyskiy district, BASSR), folklorist. Candidate of Philology (2006). Graduated from BSU (1999). Scientific activity aims to study poetics of Bashkir epics, condition of modern Bashkir folklore. Wrote and compiled “Modern folklore of...

YULDASHEV Robert Nazhipovich

YULDASHEV Robert Nazhipovich (b.9.7. 1971, Ufa), quaray player. National artist of RB (2012) Graduated from USIA (2000). Organized the quaray ensemble in Orenburgskaya region, Gafuriyskiy district, RB. Founded and headed “Kuraysy” ethnic band (since 2006). He is a master of virtuous techniques of kuray,...

YULAY and SALAVAT

“YULAY and SALAVAT”, a monument of Bashkir literature, epic. It has poetic and prose form. Was registered in the beginning of the 20th c. by M.A. Burangulov from Gabit-sesen. The main theme is the struggle of Bashkir people against national and colonial oppression. The epic has 2 chronologically arranged...

SQUADRON

“SQUADRON”, Bashkir ethnic song, khalmak-kuy. It was registered by G.Z. Suleymanov from Kharis Khakimov in 1929 in the 2nd Trukhmenevo village, Zilairskiy canton BASSR (now 2nd Turkmenevo, Baymakskiy District, RB). The lyrics are published in “Bashkir ethnic art” (1st v., 1954). The lyrics and noted...