Список материалов

LENIN  BREEDING  PLANT,  ООО. Specializes in breeding cattle of black and white, Bestuzhevskaya breeds. The company maintains a genetic pool. Located in Dyurtyulinsky Raion, the central farm is in Selo Sukkulovo. The number of cattle of Bestuzhevskaya breed — 900 (incl. 310 cows); the average annual...

LENIN (Ulyanov), Vladimir Ilyich (22.4.1870, Simbirsk – 21.1.1924, Posyolok Gorki of Moscow Gub.) Revolutionary Leader, Political and Social Activist. Graduated from the St. Petersburg University (1891). Participated in the creation of St. Petersburg Union for the Struggle for the Liberation of the...

LEONTYEV, Alexey Fyodorovich (27.3.1917, Selo Yakovtsevo of Nizhny Novgorod Gub. – 14.4.1987, Ufa), Mathematician. Associate Member of the AS USSR (1970), Dr.Sci. (Phys.‑Math.) (1948), Full Professor (1949). Merited Scientist of the BASSR (1975). Laureate of the USSR State Award (1989). Awarded with...

LEPYOKHIN Ivan Ivanovich (10.9.1740, St. Petersburg – 6.4.1802, Ibid.), Traveller, Ethnographer. Acad. of the Academy of Sciences and Arts (1771). Leader of Academic expeditions of 1768–74. He described the structure of summer nomad camps of Bashkirs, the methods of cooking meat (bishbarmak, salma)...

LEPYOKHIN, Ivan Ivanovich (10.9.1740, St. Petersburg – 6.4.1802, Ibid.), Traveller, Ethnographer. Acad. of the Academy of Sciences and Arts (1771). Leader of Academic expeditions of 1768–74. He described the structure of summer nomad camps of Bashkirs, the methods of cooking meat (bish­ barmak, salma)...

LIBRARIES, informational, cultural, educational institutions, which have an organized fund of documents of general circulation and provide them for temporary use to individuals and legal entities. By 2017, there were 1584 public L. (1470 of them were rural) under the auspices of the Ministry of Culture...

LIBRARY FOR THE BLIND Special Republican. Located in Ufa. It was established in 1935 in the premises of City Library No. 18. It has branches in Belebey, Beloretsk, Sterlitamak and 50 libraries in towns and raions of the RB. By 2017, there were more than 258 thousand units, about 87 thousand books printed...

LIFE SAFETY RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF THE RB, GUP. Located in Ufa. Estab­lished in 1993. Main activities include: eco­ analytical studies of environmental objects, environmental, sanitary and hygienic standardization for economic entities, development of geo­informational technologies in the field of environmental...

LIFTING DEVICES, lifting machines used for vertical or inclined lifting or lowering people and/or cargoes by means of special devices (carriages, cabins, cages, shovels, platforms, skips, trolleys, etc.) suspended on ropes or chains, or moving along rigid vertical (rarely inclined) guides or rails....

LIMESTONE, sedimentary rock. It consists mainly of calcite or calcite skeletal residues of organisms, rarely of aragonite. It contains minor impurities of dolomite, quartz, gypsum, and clay minerals. The structure is biomorphic (organogenic), detrital, grained; the texture is massive, layered. The color...

LIPAYEV, Nikolay Filippovich [26.4.1926, Derevnya Ozerkovka, Sterlitamaksky Canton of the BASSR (Sterlitamaksky Raion of the RB) – 1.11.1994, Ishimbay], Industrialist. Merited Construction Worker of the RF (1992), Merited Worker of the Housing and Utility Sector of the BASSR (1984). Awarded with the...

LISTVENITE, metasomatic rock. It consists of carbonates and quartz, contains impurities of pyrite, chlorite, fuxite, hematite. The structure is granoblastic or lepidogranoblastic, the texture is massive or spotted. The color is heterogeneous green. It is used as decorative, facing stone, ornamental...

LITERARY LANGUAGE Bashkir, the historically developed form of the existence of the Bashkir language. In the history of the Bashkir L.l., there is a pre-national (13th – 2nd half of 19th centuries) and national (since the end of 19th century) phases (ref. Dialects of the Bashkir language). A significant...

LITERATURE AND FOLKLORE. The relationship of L. and F. are complex and multifaceted. Writers applied oral ethnic art at every stage  of  literature  development.  Studying  art folklore makes national literature develop in its own way. The writers use quotes and borrow ethnic styles and, moreover, understand...

LIVESTOCK BREEDING, a branch of agriculture concerned with the breeding of farm livestock to produce animal products. It provides the population with food (milk, meat, eggs, etc), raw materials (leather, wool, etc), draft animals (oxen, horses, etc), and organic fertilizers. From L.b. products and waste,...

LIVING STANDARDS, a comprehensive indicator, characterizing the degree of satisfaction of physical, spiritual, and material needs of the social groups or population of a certain country or a region. It is determined by income, the total volume of consumed material goods and services per capita (including...

LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT, a system, in which the population of an administrative territorial unit independently manages the affairs (directly or through elected bodies) within the limits of the rights established by the state. Within the tribe or clan, the Bashkirs’ Local Self‑Government was administered...

LUKMANOV, Sabir Zakirzyanovich (9.4.1906, Derevnya Yarkeyevo of Birsky Uyezd of Ufa Gub., now Selo Verkhneyarkeyevo of Ilishevsky Raion of the RB, – 27.10.1967, Ufa), Anatomist, Public Health Provider. Dr.Sci (Medical Sciences) (1943), Full Professor (1943). Merited Master of Sciences of the BASSR (1956),...

“LULLABY”, Bashkir ethnic song, uzun-kuy. The legend and a variant of the song were first registered by K.M. Diyarov in 1972 in Kugarchinskiy District from M. Suleymanova and published in the book “Sal Uraldyn Mondary” (1988). The song is lyro­dramatic. According to the legend, it was composed by a...

LUTFULLIN, Akhmat Fatkullovich (4.2.1928, Derevnya Abzelilovo of the TamyanKataisky Canton of the BASSR, now Selo Askarovo of Abzelilovsky Raion of the RB, — 10.7.2007, Ufa, buried in Selo Abzakovo of Beloretsky Raion of the RB), Artist. Acad. of the Russian Academy of Arts (1997). People’s Artist of...