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UBYR, is an evil spirit in Bashkir mythology. The character appears in bylichkas and magic fairytales. U. is often associated with myaskay. According to the belief, souls of those who commit suicide or people buried without observing proper rites become U. U. can replace the soul of a sorcerer, who...

UDMURT FOLK SONG of Bashkortostan are divided into 2 main groups: family-ceremonial and calendar. The family-ceremonial group can be divided into wedding (a song to meet and farewell the groom’s party in the house of a bride and groom, table songs of bride’s party and groom’s party, a song of the bride...

UDMURT FOLKLORE of the Republic of Bashkortostan is represented by various genres. The most popular of them are historical lore and legends about the history of migration and foundation of villages; bylichkas about nature and yard spirits (see Host‑spirits). Prayers are connected with religious beliefs;...

UDMURT HISTORICAL AND CULTURAl CENTER o f  t h e R B, a public organization, branch of the House of Peoples’ Friendship. It was established in 2006 in Novye Tatyshly village of Tatyshlinsky district of the RB in order to safeguard and develop the cultural heritage, native language, and their traditions...

UDMURTS ETHNIC CULTURAL CENTER in Bashkortostan, a NGO established in Novye Tashly in 1996. A member of “Udmurt Council” All-Udmurt Association. Combines Udmirts public cultural centers of Baltachevskiy, Buraevskiy, Ermekeevskiy, Ilishevsky, Kaltasinskiy, Kushnarenkovskiy, Tatyshlinskiy, Yanaulskiy...

Ufa state INSTITUTE OF ARTS named after Zagir Ismagilov.  Founded  in  1968,  in 2003 was named after Z.G. Ismagilov. The  chair  of  ethnic instruments (bayan, balalayka, domra; the head is V.F. Belyakov, honored artist of RSFSR and BASSR) was founded in  1968  in  I.a.  The  chair  of Bashkir music...

“UIL”, is a Bashkir ethnic song, uzun-kuy. The melody was registered by I.V. Saltykov in the 1920’s. It is a part of the “Bashkir melodies” handwritten collection (also known as “Collection № 2”; it is in the folklore cabinet of USIA), the lyrics were registered by A.I. Kharisov from S.S. Sharifullin...

UKRAINIAN FOLKLORE of the Republic of Bashkortostan is represented by a variety of clands, genres and forms. It includes fairytales (about everyday life, magic or animals), lore, legends, historical short stories, bylichkas, minor (aphoristic) genres. The majority of fairytales and songs were created...

UKRAINIAN HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL CENTER o f  t h e  R B, a public organization, branch of the House of Peoples' Friendship. Established in 1999 in the village Zolotonoshka of Sterlitamaksky district of the RB in order to revive and safeguard the cultural and historical heritage, crafts, rites, and...

UMETBAYEV Mukhametsalim Ishmukhametovich [21.8.1841, Derevnya Ibragimovo of Yumran-Tabynskaya Volost of Ufim. Uyezd of Orenb. Gub. (now Karmaskalinsky Raion of the RB) – 28.6.1907, Ibid.], Bashkir Poet-Educator, Translator, Philologist, Historian, Ethnographer, Public Figure and Publicist. Titular Counsellor...

UNESCO, an intergovernmental organization. Founded in 1945. The headquarters is located in Paris. It incorporates 193 member-states (2019), including the Russian Federation (1954). Main areas of activity: research in the field of education, science, culture and communications; knowledge exchange; preparation...

“UNITY” a  T u r k m e n  e t h n i c  c u l ­ t u r a l  c e n t e r  i n  B a s h k o r t o s t a n, an NGO established in Ufa in 2001. Maintains contacts with Turkmen communities in other Russian regions. The organization took part in the celebrations of the 450th anniversary of the voluntary annexation...

“URAL”, the Bashkir ethnic song, uzun-kyuy. The song was first recorded by M.A. Burangulov in 1915, published in the Bashkort Khalk Yirdary digest recorded by H.F. Akhmetov. Lyric and epic song. In the song, the Ural image symbolizes the Motherland. According to the legend, the emergence of U. goes...

“URAL-BATYR” is an ethnic sesen school n.a. A.S. Gaynullina. Founded in 1994 as a club of young sesens called “U.b.”, which based at Bashkir school № 13, since 2005 was based at the Center of ethnic culture and leisure (both in Sibay c.), in 2015 it received the title “national” from Sibay college of...

“URAL-BATYR”, Bashkir State Academic Drama Theater performance based on the same-titled play by G.G. Shafikov (based on Bashkir ethnic epic “Ural‑batyr”, translated by A. Utyabay into the Bashkir language). It premiered in September 2006. Director – R.M. Khakimov, production designer – E. Gizatullin,...

“URAL-BATYR” a  r e g i o n a l  c o n t e s t  o f  y o u n g  s t o r y t e l l e r s  a n d  p e r f o r m e r s  o f  t h e  e p i c. Initially, it was held on the initiative of the Department of Education of Burzyansky district (Novomunasipovo school in 1996, 1998, and 2000), school No. 13 of Sibay,...

“URAL-BATYR”, a monument of Bashkir literature, epic. The main version (has poem-prose form) was registered in 1910 by M.A. Burangulov from Gabit-sesen and K.K. Almukhametov. The prose version of “U.-b.” was registered by A.I. Kharisov. The epic shows a fantasy world where the characters have superpowers...

URAL-BATYR is a character of Bashkir folklore. He is the younger son of Yanbirde and Yanbike in “Ural-batyr” epic (see First ancestor), the first human (mortal), the antagonist of his elder brother Shulgan. The image of U.-b. includes his different characteristics and actions. However, the positive...

URYAK is a spirit, a ghost of a person died an unnatural death in Bashkir mythology. According to belief, it lives in places of death or burial of people. It appears to people (usually at night) and looks like a tall thin man dressed in long white gown. It moves silently. Mostly it comes to murderers,...

USMANOV Abubakir Nurianovich (24.4. 1910–13.6.1982), historian, folklorist. Candidate of History (1960). His research is devoted to the history of the accession of Bashkortostan to Russia, the participation of Bashkirs in the Patriotic War of 1812 and the Peasant War of 1773–75. Author of more than...