Список материалов

HANDWRITTEN BOOK, a monument of book culture; a book or a sheet written by hand. The H.b., found in the territory of Bashkortostan, date back to the 16th — early 20th centuries; most of them are written in the Turki of the Ural‑Volga Region. Among the H.b. of religious content (the lists of Koran and...

HARNESS, equipment for a horse used for horseback riding or cargo transportation. The Bashkir tradition of H. manufacturing was conditioned by the needs of nomadic economy, the formation and development of soldiering (ref. Bashkirs’ Military service). Wood, leather, and metal were widely used for the...

HEAD OF THE RB, the highest official of the RB. Represents the Republic in relations with the President of the RF, the Federation Council and the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the RF, the Government of the RF, other federal bodies of state power, bodies of state power of constituent entities...

HEALTH RETREAT CENTERS, the healthcare institutions, providing predominantly natural treatments making use of the climate, mineral waters, mineral muds, etc, physiotherapy, dietetic therapy, physical exercises, pharmacological and other types of treatment, and rest regimen. There are H.r.c. of general...

HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS. There are several types of healthcare institutions, such as hospitals and polyclinics for adults and children, health centers, mothers and child support institutions, blood banks, emergency medical services units, hospitals for war veterans, medical centers, clinics (parts or...

HEAT ENGINEERING. The Bashkirenergo Company (Bashkortostan) put into operation a TPP based on gas reciprocating units; in 1999 a gas turbine unit was integrated for the first time for combined heat and power generation. Since the 1940s, the Beloretsk Metallurgical Plant has produced rolled steel (including...

HELICOPTER, an aerial vehicle with one or several rotors creating thrust and lift force. Since the mid­1950s, in Bashkortostan, the UMPO plant has manufactured swash plates, fans with drive shafts and main rotor brakes for Mi­1, Mi­6 and Mi­26, and main rotor masts for Ka­27, Ka­29 and Ka­32. Since...

HERO OF SOCIALIST LABOUR, an honorary title in the USSR between 1938– 91, the highest degree of distinction for exceptional achievements in economics and culture development. Established by the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the USSR on December 27th, 1938 and further on awarded by...

HERO OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION, the highest honorary title in Russia. The President of the RF assigns and deprives of the title. The hero is awarded special distinctions — the Gold Star Medal and a certificate of the title. By 2018, 1090 people, including 20 natives of Bashkortostan and 8 natives of...

HERO OF THE SOVIET UNION, the honorary title in the USSR between 1934— 91, the highest degree of distinction for a personal or collective heroic feat for the sake of the state and society. The title was assigned or deprived of by the USSR Presidium of the Armed Forces (between 1936–37 — by the USSR...

HERODOTUS (ca. 484 BC – ca. 425 BC), Ancient Greek Historian. Undertook a journey through Asia Minor, North East Africa and the South East Europe in the 50–40s of the 5th century BC. He was the author of the literary work titled History describing the Greek­-Persian wars which took place in the 500–449...

HERODOTUS (ca. 484 BC — ca. 425 BC), Ancient Greek Historian. Undertook a journey through Asia Minor, North East Africa and the South East Europe in the 50–40s of the 5th century BC. He was the author of the literary work titled History describing the Greek Persian wars which took place in the 500—449...

HIRUDOTHERAPY, the medicinal leech therapy. The salivary gland secretions of medicinal leeches contain biologically active substances (hirudin, hyaluronidase, destabilase), which prevent blood clotting, activate the immune system, as well as the circulation of blood and lymph, the metabolism. They also...

HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL CENTERS, public organizations, branches of the House of Peoples’ Friendship. They were established in places where ethnicities live in groups (Bashkirs, Belarusians, Latvians, Mari, Mordovians, Germans, Russians, Tatars, Udmurts, Ukrainians, and Chuvash) or in places associated...

HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL CENTRES, branches (2006) of the House of People’s Friendship. Created in the places of compact residence of Bashkirs, Russians, Tatars and other ethnic groups, or in the residential buildings of the historically prominent people. By 2018, 16 H.c.c. had been registered in the...

HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL ENCYCLOPEDIC ATLAS OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN, the 2007 popular scientific reference full-edition issued in Moscow and Ufa. Chief Editor – A.I.Akmanov Scholars of the Academy of Sciences of the RB, the Bashkir State University, the Institute of History, Language and Literature,...

HISTORY OF THE BASHKIR LITERATURE, a fundamental edition written by a group of authors in the Bashk. language and published in 6 volumes between 1990—96. The Russian language edition consists of 4 volumes and has been published since 2012. Chief Editor — G.B.Khusainov. The 1st volume is dedicated to...

HISTORY OF THE BASHKIR LITERATURE, a fundamental edition written by a group of authors in the Bashk. language and published in 6 volumes between 1990—96. The Russian language edition consists of 4 volumes and has been published since 2012. Chief Editor — G.B.Khusainov. The 1st volume is dedicated to...

“HISTORY OF THE BASHKIR PEOPLE”, a scientific edition in 7 volumes. Prepared in 2009 by the Institute of History, Language and Literature, as well as scholars of the Academy of Sciences of the RB, the Bashkir State University, and other institutions of the RB and the Russian Federation. Chief Editor...